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The government of Meiji Japan considered Queen Min an obstacle to its overseas expansion. Efforts to remove her from the political arena, orchestrated through failed rebellions prompted by the father of King Gojong, the Heungseon Daewongun (an influential regent working with the Japanese), influenced her to take a harsher stand against Japanese influence.<br/><br/> After Japan's victory in the First Sino-Japanese War, Queen Min advocated stronger ties between Korea and Russia in an attempt to block Japanese influence in Korea, which was represented by the Daewongun.<br/><br/> In the early morning of 8 October 1895, the Hullyeondae Regiment, loyal to the Daewongun, accompanied by a group of Japanese assassains, attacked the Joseon Royal Palace, overpowering its Royal Guards. Upon entering the Queen's quarters, the assassins murdered Queen Min, burned her corpse in a pine forest, and then dispersed the ashes. She was 43 years old.
The government of Meiji Japan considered Queen Min an obstacle to its overseas expansion. Efforts to remove her from the political arena, orchestrated through failed rebellions prompted by the father of King Gojong, the Heungseon Daewongun (an influential regent working with the Japanese), influenced her to take a harsher stand against Japanese influence.<br/><br/> After Japan's victory in the First Sino-Japanese War, Queen Min advocated stronger ties between Korea and Russia in an attempt to block Japanese influence in Korea, which was represented by the Daewongun.<br/><br/> In the early morning of 8 October 1895, the Hullyeondae Regiment, loyal to the Daewongun, accompanied by a group of Japanese assassains, attacked the Joseon Royal Palace, overpowering its Royal Guards. Upon entering the Queen's quarters, the assassins murdered Queen Min, burned her corpse in a pine forest, and then dispersed the ashes. She was 43 years old.
During a drought in 1974, farmers digging a well stumbled across one of the most amazing archaeological finds in modern history - the terracotta warriors.<br/><br/> The terracotta army, thousands of soldiers, horses and chariots, had remained secretly on duty for some 2,000 years, guarding the nearby mausoleum of Qin Shu Huang / Qin Shi Huangdi, the first emperor of a unified China (r. 246 - 221 BCE). The infamous Qinshi is best known for his ruthless destruction of books and the slaughter of his enemies.<br/><br/> Each of the terracotta figures, some standing, some on horseback, and some kneeling, bows drawn, is unique, with a different hairstyle and facial expression.
Qin Shi Huang (259–210 BCE), personal name Ying Zheng, was king of the Chinese State of Qin from 246 to 221 BCE during the Warring States Period. He became the first emperor of a unified China in 221 BCE, and ruled until his death in 210 BC at the age of 49. Styling himself 'First Emperor' after China's unification, Qin Shi Huang is a pivotal figure in Chinese history, ushering in nearly two millennia of imperial rule.<br/><br/> After unifying China, he and his chief advisor Li Si passed a series of major economic and political reforms. He undertook gigantic projects, including the first version of the Great Wall of China, the now famous city-sized mausoleum guarded by a life-sized Terracotta Army, and a massive national road system, all at the expense of numerous lives. To ensure stability, Qin Shi Huang also outlawed and burned many books, as well as burying some scholars alive.
The government of Meiji Japan considered Queen Min an obstacle to its overseas expansion. Efforts to remove her from the political arena, orchestrated through failed rebellions prompted by the father of King Gojong, the Heungseon Daewongun (an influential regent working with the Japanese), influenced her to take a harsher stand against Japanese influence.<br/><br/> After Japan's victory in the First Sino-Japanese War, Queen Min advocated stronger ties between Korea and Russia in an attempt to block Japanese influence in Korea, which was represented by the Daewongun.<br/><br/> In the early morning of 8 October 1895, the Hullyeondae Regiment, loyal to the Daewongun, accompanied by a group of Japanese assassains, attacked the Joseon Royal Palace, overpowering its Royal Guards. Upon entering the Queen's quarters, the assassins murdered Queen Min, burned her corpse in a pine forest, and then dispersed the ashes. She was 43 years old.
During a drought in 1974, farmers digging a well stumbled across one of the most amazing archaeological finds in modern history - the terracotta warriors.<br/><br/> The terracotta army, thousands of soldiers, horses and chariots, had remained secretly on duty for some 2,000 years, guarding the nearby mausoleum of Qin Shu Huang / Qin Shi Huangdi, the first emperor of a unified China (r. 246 - 221 BCE). The infamous Qinshi is best known for his ruthless destruction of books and the slaughter of his enemies.<br/><br/> Each of the terracotta figures, some standing, some on horseback, and some kneeling, bows drawn, is unique, with a different hairstyle and facial expression.
The government of Meiji Japan considered Queen Min an obstacle to its overseas expansion. Efforts to remove her from the political arena, orchestrated through failed rebellions prompted by the father of King Gojong, the Heungseon Daewongun (an influential regent working with the Japanese), influenced her to take a harsher stand against Japanese influence.<br/><br/> After Japan's victory in the First Sino-Japanese War, Queen Min advocated stronger ties between Korea and Russia in an attempt to block Japanese influence in Korea, which was represented by the Daewongun.<br/><br/> In the early morning of 8 October 1895, the Hullyeondae Regiment, loyal to the Daewongun, accompanied by a group of Japanese assassains, attacked the Joseon Royal Palace, overpowering its Royal Guards. Upon entering the Queen's quarters, the assassins murdered Queen Min, burned her corpse in a pine forest, and then dispersed the ashes. She was 43 years old.
During a drought in 1974, farmers digging a well stumbled across one of the most amazing archaeological finds in modern history - the terracotta warriors.<br/><br/> The terracotta army, thousands of soldiers, horses and chariots, had remained secretly on duty for some 2,000 years, guarding the nearby mausoleum of Qin Shu Huang / Qin Shi Huangdi, the first emperor of a unified China (r. 246 - 221 BCE). The infamous Qinshi is best known for his ruthless destruction of books and the slaughter of his enemies.<br/><br/> Each of the terracotta figures, some standing, some on horseback, and some kneeling, bows drawn, is unique, with a different hairstyle and facial expression.
The government of Meiji Japan considered Queen Min an obstacle to its overseas expansion. Efforts to remove her from the political arena, orchestrated through failed rebellions prompted by the father of King Gojong, the Heungseon Daewongun (an influential regent working with the Japanese), influenced her to take a harsher stand against Japanese influence.<br/><br/> After Japan's victory in the First Sino-Japanese War, Queen Min advocated stronger ties between Korea and Russia in an attempt to block Japanese influence in Korea, which was represented by the Daewongun.<br/><br/> In the early morning of 8 October 1895, the Hullyeondae Regiment, loyal to the Daewongun, accompanied by a group of Japanese assassains, attacked the Joseon Royal Palace, overpowering its Royal Guards. Upon entering the Queen's quarters, the assassins murdered Queen Min, burned her corpse in a pine forest, and then dispersed the ashes. She was 43 years old.
Gojong (Hangul: 고종; hanja: 高宗; RR: Gojong; MR: Kojong), the Emperor Gwangmu (Hangul: 광무제; hanja: 光武帝), proclaimed the Korean Empire in 1897 to justify the country's ending of its traditional tributary subordination to China. He tried to promote the ultimately unsuccessful Gwangmu Reform.<br/><br/>Gojong was forced to abdicate by the Japanese and Gojong's son Sunjong succeeded to the throne. After abdicating, Emperor Gojong was confined to the Deoksu Palace by the Japanese. On 22 August 1910, the Empire of Korea was annexed by Japan under the Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty.<br/><br/>Gojong died suddenly on 21 January 1919 at Deoksugung Palace. There is much speculation that he was killed by poison administered by Japanese officials, an idea that gained wide circulation and acceptance at the time of his death. His death and subsequent funeral proved a catalyst for the March First Movement for Korean independence from Japanese rule. He is buried with his wife at the imperial tomb of Hongneung (홍릉, 洪陵) in the city of Namyangju.
During a drought in 1974, farmers digging a well stumbled across one of the most amazing archaeological finds in modern history - the terracotta warriors.<br/><br/>The terracotta army, thousands of soldiers, horses and chariots, had remained secretly on duty for some 2,000 years, guarding the nearby mausoleum of Qin Shu Huang / Qin Shi Huangdi, the first emperor of a unified China (r. 246 - 221 BCE). The infamous Qinshi is best known for his ruthless destruction of books and the slaughter of his enemies.<br/><br/>Each of the terracotta figures, some standing, some on horseback, and some kneeling, bows drawn, is unique, with a different hairstyle and facial expression.
During a drought in 1974, farmers digging a well stumbled across one of the most amazing archaeological finds in modern history - the terracotta warriors.<br/><br/>The terracotta army, thousands of soldiers, horses and chariots, had remained secretly on duty for some 2,000 years, guarding the nearby mausoleum of Qin Shu Huang / Qin Shi Huangdi, the first emperor of a unified China (r. 246 - 221 BCE). The infamous Qinshi is best known for his ruthless destruction of books and the slaughter of his enemies.<br/><br/>Each of the terracotta figures, some standing, some on horseback, and some kneeling, bows drawn, is unique, with a different hairstyle and facial expression.
During a drought in 1974, farmers digging a well stumbled across one of the most amazing archaeological finds in modern history - the terracotta warriors.<br/><br/>The terracotta army, thousands of soldiers, horses and chariots, had remained secretly on duty for some 2,000 years, guarding the nearby mausoleum of Qin Shu Huang / Qin Shi Huangdi, the first emperor of a unified China (r. 246 - 221 BCE). The infamous Qinshi is best known for his ruthless destruction of books and the slaughter of his enemies.<br/><br/>Each of the terracotta figures, some standing, some on horseback, and some kneeling, bows drawn, is unique, with a different hairstyle and facial expression.
During a drought in 1974, farmers digging a well stumbled across one of the most amazing archaeological finds in modern history - the terracotta warriors.<br/><br/>The terracotta army, thousands of soldiers, horses and chariots, had remained secretly on duty for some 2,000 years, guarding the nearby mausoleum of Qin Shu Huang / Qin Shi Huangdi, the first emperor of a unified China (r. 246 - 221 BCE). The infamous Qinshi is best known for his ruthless destruction of books and the slaughter of his enemies.<br/><br/>Each of the terracotta figures, some standing, some on horseback, and some kneeling, bows drawn, is unique, with a different hairstyle and facial expression.
During a drought in 1974, farmers digging a well stumbled across one of the most amazing archaeological finds in modern history - the terracotta warriors.<br/><br/>The terracotta army, thousands of soldiers, horses and chariots, had remained secretly on duty for some 2,000 years, guarding the nearby mausoleum of Qin Shu Huang / Qin Shi Huangdi, the first emperor of a unified China (r. 246 - 221 BCE). The infamous Qinshi is best known for his ruthless destruction of books and the slaughter of his enemies.<br/><br/>Each of the terracotta figures, some standing, some on horseback, and some kneeling, bows drawn, is unique, with a different hairstyle and facial expression.
During a drought in 1974, farmers digging a well stumbled across one of the most amazing archaeological finds in modern history - the terracotta warriors.<br/><br/>The terracotta army, thousands of soldiers, horses and chariots, had remained secretly on duty for some 2,000 years, guarding the nearby mausoleum of Qin Shu Huang / Qin Shi Huangdi, the first emperor of a unified China (r. 246 - 221 BCE). The infamous Qinshi is best known for his ruthless destruction of books and the slaughter of his enemies.<br/><br/>Each of the terracotta figures, some standing, some on horseback, and some kneeling, bows drawn, is unique, with a different hairstyle and facial expression.
During a drought in 1974, farmers digging a well stumbled across one of the most amazing archaeological finds in modern history - the terracotta warriors.<br/><br/>The terracotta army, thousands of soldiers, horses and chariots, had remained secretly on duty for some 2,000 years, guarding the nearby mausoleum of Qin Shu Huang / Qin Shi Huangdi, the first emperor of a unified China (r. 246 - 221 BCE). The infamous Qinshi is best known for his ruthless destruction of books and the slaughter of his enemies.<br/><br/>Each of the terracotta figures, some standing, some on horseback, and some kneeling, bows drawn, is unique, with a different hairstyle and facial expression.
During a drought in 1974, farmers digging a well stumbled across one of the most amazing archaeological finds in modern history - the terracotta warriors.<br/><br/> The terracotta army, thousands of soldiers, horses and chariots, had remained secretly on duty for some 2,000 years, guarding the nearby mausoleum of Qin Shu Huang / Qin Shi Huangdi, the first emperor of a unified China (r. 246 - 221 BCE). The infamous Qinshi is best known for his ruthless destruction of books and the slaughter of his enemies.<br/><br/> Each of the terracotta figures, some standing, some on horseback, and some kneeling, bows drawn, is unique, with a different hairstyle and facial expression.
Qin Shi Huang (259–210 BCE), personal name Ying Zheng, was king of the Chinese State of Qin from 246 to 221 BCE during the Warring States Period. He became the first emperor of a unified China in 221 BCE, and ruled until his death in 210 BC at the age of 49. Styling himself 'First Emperor' after China's unification, Qin Shi Huang is a pivotal figure in Chinese history, ushering in nearly two millennia of imperial rule.<br/><br/> After unifying China, he and his chief advisor Li Si passed a series of major economic and political reforms. He undertook gigantic projects, including the first version of the Great Wall of China, the now famous city-sized mausoleum guarded by a life-sized Terracotta Army, and a massive national road system, all at the expense of numerous lives. To ensure stability, Qin Shi Huang also outlawed and burned many books, as well as burying some scholars alive.
Qin Shi Huang (259–210 BCE), personal name Ying Zheng, was king of the Chinese State of Qin from 246 to 221 BCE during the Warring States Period. He became the first emperor of a unified China in 221 BCE, and ruled until his death in 210 BC at the age of 49. Styling himself 'First Emperor' after China's unification, Qin Shi Huang is a pivotal figure in Chinese history, ushering in nearly two millennia of imperial rule.<br/><br/> After unifying China, he and his chief advisor Li Si passed a series of major economic and political reforms. He undertook gigantic projects, including the first version of the Great Wall of China, the now famous city-sized mausoleum guarded by a life-sized Terracotta Army, and a massive national road system, all at the expense of numerous lives. To ensure stability, Qin Shi Huang also outlawed and burned many books, as well as burying some scholars alive.
During a drought in 1974, farmers digging a well stumbled across one of the most amazing archaeological finds in modern history - the terracotta warriors.<br/><br/> The terracotta army, thousands of soldiers, horses and chariots, had remained secretly on duty for some 2,000 years, guarding the nearby mausoleum of Qin Shu Huang / Qin Shi Huangdi, the first emperor of a unified China (r. 246 - 221 BCE). The infamous Qinshi is best known for his ruthless destruction of books and the slaughter of his enemies.<br/><br/> Each of the terracotta figures, some standing, some on horseback, and some kneeling, bows drawn, is unique, with a different hairstyle and facial expression.
During a drought in 1974, farmers digging a well stumbled across one of the most amazing archaeological finds in modern history - the terracotta warriors.<br/><br/> The terracotta army, thousands of soldiers, horses and chariots, had remained secretly on duty for some 2,000 years, guarding the nearby mausoleum of Qin Shu Huang / Qin Shi Huangdi, the first emperor of a unified China (r. 246 - 221 BCE). The infamous Qinshi is best known for his ruthless destruction of books and the slaughter of his enemies.<br/><br/> Each of the terracotta figures, some standing, some on horseback, and some kneeling, bows drawn, is unique, with a different hairstyle and facial expression.
Qin Shi Huang (259–210 BCE), personal name Ying Zheng, was king of the ChineQin Shi Huang (259–210 BCE), personal name Ying Zheng, was king of the Chinese State of Qin from 246 to 221 BCE during the Warring States Period. He became the first emperor of a unified China in 221 BCE, and ruled until his death in 210 BCE at the age of 49. Styling himself 'First Emperor' after China's unification, Qin Shi Huang is a pivotal figure in Chinese history, ushering in nearly two millennia of imperial rule.<br/><br/> After unifying China, he and his chief advisor Li Si passed a series of major economic and political reforms. He undertook gigantic projects, including the first version of the Great Wall of China, the now famous city-sized mausoleum guarded by a life-sized Terracotta Army, and a massive national road system, all at the expense of numerous lives. To ensure stability, Qin Shi Huang also outlawed and burned many books, as well as burying some scholars alive.
During a drought in 1974, farmers digging a well stumbled across one of the most amazing archaeological finds in modern history - the terracotta warriors.<br/><br/> The terracotta army, thousands of soldiers, horses and chariots, had remained secretly on duty for some 2,000 years, guarding the nearby mausoleum of Qin Shu Huang / Qin Shi Huangdi, the first emperor of a unified China (r. 246 - 221 BCE). The infamous Qinshi is best known for his ruthless destruction of books and the slaughter of his enemies.<br/><br/> Each of the terracotta figures, some standing, some on horseback, and some kneeling, bows drawn, is unique, with a different hairstyle and facial expression.
During a drought in 1974, farmers digging a well stumbled across one of the most amazing archaeological finds in modern history - the terracotta warriors.<br/><br/>The terracotta army, thousands of soldiers, horses and chariots, had remained secretly on duty for some 2,000 years, guarding the nearby mausoleum of Qin Shu Huang / Qin Shi Huangdi, the first emperor of a unified China (r. 246 - 221 BCE). The infamous Qinshi is best known for his ruthless destruction of books and the slaughter of his enemies.<br/><br/>Each of the terracotta figures, some standing, some on horseback, and some kneeling, bows drawn, is unique, with a different hairstyle and facial expression.
During a drought in 1974, farmers digging a well stumbled across one of the most amazing archaeological finds in modern history - the terracotta warriors.<br/><br/> The terracotta army, thousands of soldiers, horses and chariots, had remained secretly on duty for some 2,000 years, guarding the nearby mausoleum of Qin Shu Huang / Qin Shi Huangdi, the first emperor of a unified China (r. 246 - 221 BCE). The infamous Qinshi is best known for his ruthless destruction of books and the slaughter of his enemies.<br/><br/> Each of the terracotta figures, some standing, some on horseback, and some kneeling, bows drawn, is unique, with a different hairstyle and facial expression.
Gojong (Hangul: 고종; hanja: 高宗; RR: Gojong; MR: Kojong), the Emperor Gwangmu (Hangul: 광무제; hanja: 光武帝), proclaimed the Korean Empire in 1897 to justify the country's ending of its traditional tributary subordination to China. He tried to promote the ultimately unsuccessful Gwangmu Reform.<br/><br/>Gojong was forced to abdicate by the Japanese and Gojong's son Sunjong succeeded to the throne. After abdicating, Emperor Gojong was confined to the Deoksu Palace by the Japanese. On 22 August 1910, the Empire of Korea was annexed by Japan under the Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty.<br/><br/>Gojong died suddenly on 21 January 1919 at Deoksugung Palace. There is much speculation that he was killed by poison administered by Japanese officials, an idea that gained wide circulation and acceptance at the time of his death. His death and subsequent funeral proved a catalyst for the March First Movement for Korean independence from Japanese rule. He is buried with his wife at the imperial tomb of Hongneung (홍릉, 洪陵) in the city of Namyangju.
During a drought in 1974, farmers digging a well stumbled across one of the most amazing archaeological finds in modern history - the terracotta warriors.<br/><br/> The terracotta army, thousands of soldiers, horses and chariots, had remained secretly on duty for some 2,000 years, guarding the nearby mausoleum of Qin Shu Huang / Qin Shi Huangdi, the first emperor of a unified China (r. 246 - 221 BCE). The infamous Qinshi is best known for his ruthless destruction of books and the slaughter of his enemies.<br/><br/> Each of the terracotta figures, some standing, some on horseback, and some kneeling, bows drawn, is unique, with a different hairstyle and facial expression.
During a drought in 1974, farmers digging a well stumbled across one of the most amazing archaeological finds in modern history - the terracotta warriors.<br/><br/> The terracotta army, thousands of soldiers, horses and chariots, had remained secretly on duty for some 2,000 years, guarding the nearby mausoleum of Qin Shu Huang / Qin Shi Huangdi, the first emperor of a unified China (r. 246 - 221 BCE). The infamous Qinshi is best known for his ruthless destruction of books and the slaughter of his enemies.<br/><br/> Each of the terracotta figures, some standing, some on horseback, and some kneeling, bows drawn, is unique, with a different hairstyle and facial expression.
The government of Meiji Japan considered Queen Min an obstacle to its overseas expansion. Efforts to remove her from the political arena, orchestrated through failed rebellions prompted by the father of King Gojong, the Heungseon Daewongun (an influential regent working with the Japanese), influenced her to take a harsher stand against Japanese influence.<br/><br/> After Japan's victory in the First Sino-Japanese War, Queen Min advocated stronger ties between Korea and Russia in an attempt to block Japanese influence in Korea, which was represented by the Daewongun.<br/><br/> In the early morning of 8 October 1895, the Hullyeondae Regiment, loyal to the Daewongun, accompanied by a group of Japanese assassains, attacked the Joseon Royal Palace, overpowering its Royal Guards. Upon entering the Queen's quarters, the assassins murdered Queen Min, burned her corpse in a pine forest, and then dispersed the ashes. She was 43 years old.
Gojong (Hangul: 고종; hanja: 高宗; RR: Gojong; MR: Kojong), the Emperor Gwangmu (Hangul: 광무제; hanja: 光武帝), proclaimed the Korean Empire in 1897 to justify the country's ending of its traditional tributary subordination to China. He tried to promote the ultimately unsuccessful Gwangmu Reform.<br/><br/>Gojong was forced to abdicate by the Japanese and Gojong's son Sunjong succeeded to the throne. After abdicating, Emperor Gojong was confined to the Deoksu Palace by the Japanese. On 22 August 1910, the Empire of Korea was annexed by Japan under the Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty.<br/><br/>Gojong died suddenly on 21 January 1919 at Deoksugung Palace. There is much speculation that he was killed by poison administered by Japanese officials, an idea that gained wide circulation and acceptance at the time of his death. His death and subsequent funeral proved a catalyst for the March First Movement for Korean independence from Japanese rule. He is buried with his wife at the imperial tomb of Hongneung (홍릉, 洪陵) in the city of Namyangju.
Emperor Gia Long (8 February 1762 – 3 February 1820), born Nguyễn Phúc Ánh (often referred to simply as Nguyễn Ánh), was an emperor of Vietnam. Unifying what is now modern Vietnam in 1802, he founded the Nguyễn Dynasty, the last of the Vietnamese dynasties. He reigned from 1802 - 1820.<br/><br/> Gia Long's rule was noted for its Confucian orthodoxy. He repealed Tay Son reforms and reinstated the classical Confucian education and civil service system. He moved the capital from Hanoi south to Huế as the country's populace had also shifted south over the preceding centuries, and built up fortresses and a palace in his new capital.<br/><br/> Using French expertise, he modernized Vietnam's defensive capabilities. In deference to the assistance of his French friends, he tolerated the activities of Roman Catholic missionaries, something that became increasingly restricted under his successors. Under his rule, Vietnam strengthened its military dominance in Indochina, expelling Siamese forces from Cambodia and turning it into a vassal state.
Gojong (Hangul: 고종; hanja: 高宗; RR: Gojong; MR: Kojong), the Emperor Gwangmu (Hangul: 광무제; hanja: 光武帝), proclaimed the Korean Empire in 1897 to justify the country's ending of its traditional tributary subordination to China. He tried to promote the ultimately unsuccessful Gwangmu Reform.<br/><br/>Gojong was forced to abdicate by the Japanese and Gojong's son Sunjong succeeded to the throne. After abdicating, Emperor Gojong was confined to the Deoksu Palace by the Japanese. On 22 August 1910, the Empire of Korea was annexed by Japan under the Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty.<br/><br/>Gojong died suddenly on 21 January 1919 at Deoksugung Palace. There is much speculation that he was killed by poison administered by Japanese officials, an idea that gained wide circulation and acceptance at the time of his death. His death and subsequent funeral proved a catalyst for the March First Movement for Korean independence from Japanese rule. He is buried with his wife at the imperial tomb of Hongneung (홍릉, 洪陵) in the city of Namyangju.
Qin Shi Huang (259–210 BCE), personal name Ying Zheng, was king of the Chinese State of Qin from 246 to 221 BCE during the Warring States Period. He became the first emperor of a unified China in 221 BCE, and ruled until his death in 210 BC at the age of 49. Styling himself 'First Emperor' after China's unification, Qin Shi Huang is a pivotal figure in Chinese history, ushering in nearly two millennia of imperial rule.<br/><br/> After unifying China, he and his chief advisor Li Si passed a series of major economic and political reforms. He undertook gigantic projects, including the first version of the Great Wall of China, the now famous city-sized mausoleum guarded by a life-sized Terracotta Army, and a massive national road system, all at the expense of numerous lives. To ensure stability, Qin Shi Huang also outlawed and burned many books, as well as burying some scholars alive.